105-1: Did you not consider, how your Fosterer dealt with the owners of the elephant?

105-2: Did He not make their plot useless,

105-3: and send on them flocks of flying creatures,

105-4: who pelted them with stones of baked clay,

105-5: so that He made them like eaten up straw (husk)?

This chapter refers to the attempted attack on Kaaba by Abraha, (the Christian Viceroy of Yemen), in the year of birth of our Prophet. Abraha had one/or more elephants in the army, hence the title of the Surah.

The Question raised by this Surah was to remind the Quraish of the important position Allah had given them, as the care takers of His house Kaba and the special place they had due their service of the Pilgrim who came to visit the Kaba and how Allah had protected them and the Kaba from the attackers by sending flocks of birds who pelted the attacking army with stones of baked clay.

This created chaos in the army and they retreated back to Yemen.

This surah was a reminder to Quraish that Allah (ربُّ الْعِزَّت) can protect his Prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم) similar to how he had protected the Kaba and they should refrain from harming, making fun of His Rasool and instead they should ponder on this question and believe in his message and accept Islam for their salvation.